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那么，1.14亿人才之外，不是人才的11.86亿中国人该是什么呢？孔雀开屏之时，难免露出尴尬私处。九成中国人都不是人才的残酷现实，不免让人浑身一激灵。

不过，无论一个中国人是荣登人才之列还是与庸才为伍，毕竟只是“被人才”、“被庸才”的结果。掌握人才认定大权的，是政府的人事和劳动部门。他们对人才的定义是：“具有一定的专业知识或专门技能，进行创造性劳动并对社会作出贡献的人，是人力资源中能力和素质较高的劳动者。”具体操作标准，通常是“文凭＋职称”的传统评审制度。
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“在浩瀚的太平洋上，撒落着无数璀璨的明珠，贝劳就是其中的一颗……”这句18年前的电影《大撒把》中演员葛优谋划移民路线图的经典台词，如今已由喜剧几乎变成现实。

想移民么？现在，你不再需要乘上前往西伯利亚的火车，穿越广阔的俄罗斯，到巴黎等待夏季观光团，再伺机前往贝劳，然后以贝劳为跳板前往美国。

你只需要准备一张35万美元以上的存折，在五星级酒店的会议厅里，由热情的中介小姐引导你，在挨着太平洋，同样浩瀚的加勒比海地区，无数撒落的璀璨明珠之间，使劲圈中其中的一小颗——圣基茨和尼维斯联邦。这个绝大多数中国人闻所未闻的小国，如今竟已成为众多新富阶层的移民目标之一。

这个将电影变成现实的场景，只是眼下众多移民推介会的一幕。在众多更高端的推介会上，美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新加坡和香港，才是主流重头戏。

过去十年，越来越多的中国大陆各界精英、富商通过技术移民或投资移民的渠道，获取他国永久居民权（以下简称PR）或国籍。在他们看来，优质教育、清洁空气、安全食品、资产转移、安全感，都将在移民的彼岸得到。

各种数据表明，自上世纪70年代末、90年代初期的两拨移民潮以来，中国改革开放之后的第三拨移民高潮在进入新世纪的十年中已成愈发汹涌之势。不同于第一拨混杂偷渡客的底层劳工和第二拨国门初启之时的“洋插队”，新世纪移民潮的主力由新富阶层和知识精英组成。高端群体、庞大数量和趋势化发展构成了不容忽视和必须面对的问题：中国是否正在经历社会中坚阶层的集体流失？

北京买房，不如移民？

"中国社科院 《全球政治与安全》报告显示，中国正在成为世界上最大移民输出国。"

2010年4月北京车展上，一则移民广告打得相当煽情：在北京买房？不如移民吧！

这条广告背后心照不宣的潜台词是：在二套房购买门槛提至史上最高，北京二环以内一手房价每平方米均价仍死守3万元时，仍未从金融危机中恢复的美国，已开始推行EB-5类签证，吸引各国有钱人入籍，最低投资50万美元（约人民币342万），即有资格申请美国绿卡。“理论上，居住二环以内的北京人民都具备了移民美国的条件。”北京因私出境中介机构协会会长齐立新笑说。

其协会最新统计数据显示，2009年到美国投资移民的EB-5类签证的中国申报人数已经翻了一番，从2008年的500人上升到超过1000人。中国再次掀起投资移民海外的热潮。

2008年一宗移民美国拒签案让大众对中国富人的美国梦与财力叹为观止。彼时，147名富豪组团投资，每人欲出50万美元，集资7350万美元，打算投入到美国费城会议中心的扩建中，以此办理投资移民。申请因涉及人数众多，有违移民法之嫌，全部遭拒。

这并没浇冷富人们的移民热情。美国国务院最新公布资料显示：2008年10月-2009年9月的上一联邦财政年度获批的EB5类签证移民总数，已从 2008财年的1443人升至4218人，其中七成左右主要来自中国。齐立新说，投资移民成功率高的国家分别为加拿大、澳大利亚、新加坡，其规定投资门槛分别为40万加元（约235万人民币），80万澳元（约454万人民币），150万新元（约962万人民币）。

此外，申请难度最高的欧洲，近两年仍频频有富裕家庭关注。在荷兰一家移民机构任律师助理的黄馨（化名）说，中国富人已成为他们最优质的客户，每年他们都会提供免费往返机票和酒店住宿，邀请中国富商赴荷考察投资项目。

加拿大移民局数据显示：2009年，加国投资移民全球目标人数为2055人，中国大陆的名额占了1000名左右。以投资起步价40万加元（约235 万人民币）计算，仅2009年，即使只按“门槛标准”计算，从中国流向加拿大的财富至少23.5亿元人民币，相当于一座世博会中国馆。

事实上的财富转移远远高于以上粗糙的估算。2001年，申请移民加拿大时，马舒办理的是技术移民，尽管身为广州某公司高管的他彼时资产已达上千万。“投资移民门槛很高，不是说你口袋有三百多万就能移民加国了，还必须雇用一定数量的当地雇员，每年有一定销售和利润额度。”

在相对少数的投资移民之外，技术移民是一个更为庞大的群体。北京因私出境中介机构协会会长齐立新告诉本报记者，近十年申请各国技术移民的数量与投资移民相比，大约为20∶1。

这意味着，每天都有近60名教育背景良好、工作体面、收入颇丰的中国中产精英同时向加拿大移民局递交移民申请。不仅仅是加拿大，过去十年，随着各移民接收国政策的放开，中国越来越多的知识精英与财富精英大量入籍澳大利亚、新加坡、美国。如今，对于几乎所有一线城市中产阶级而言，一个集体感受是，每个人身边都有起码一个朋友正在或已经办理了移民。

马舒学的是国际贸易，加国驻香港的移民官专门为他设了一场长达一小时的英语面试，申请顺利通过。他的履历是中国典型的中产精英：毕业于某名校，三十出头即担任广州某文化公司高管，有丰富的国际合作经验，后独立创业经商。

“分数有可能达标的人才基本素质为硕士以上学历、精通英语，3-5年以上工作经验，”马舒说，“就是中国的中坚分子。”

马舒只是庞大的“中坚分子”群体中的一个。据统计，2009年度，中国移民加拿大共2.5万人；移民美国约6.5万人；2008年度移民澳大利亚约1.6万人。

在加、美、澳三大主流目的地之外，香港、新加坡和异军突起的中北美小国也同时在吸纳大量中国大陆移民。

2007年，中国社科院发布《全球政治与安全》报告显示，在成为世界上最大移民输出国的同时，中国流失的精英数量也居世界之首。

自1978年以来，有106万中国学生留学海外，仅27.5万人回国。流出海外的78.5万青年才俊，相当于30所北大、30所清华的所有在校本科生。

他们在寻求什么？

"优质的教育，健康的环境，安全的食品，规范的法律，甚至身份的象征，都对移民们有着巨大的吸引力。"

1992年葛优、徐帆主演的《大撒把》热播时，马舒已经大学毕业工作了三年。这部移民题材电影反映了上世纪90年代初的移民热潮，彼时，移到哪是次要的，移出去才是关键。

马舒并没陷入那拨移民狂躁症之中。由于工作的关系，马舒常在国外出差，熟知1978年以来大批偷渡出境的同胞，在海外维生本领仍是卖苦力，这批处于社会底层的群体至今仍占所有华人华侨的绝大多数。1990年代初期冲出去的同龄人，也远未过上光鲜的生活。一名定居欧洲的朋友，工科博士，彼时做着一家杂货铺的老板兼店员，每天最复杂的脑力劳动是计算一双人字拖加两罐卡布其诺等于多少英镑。

拘谨、沉默、没有宗教信仰、畏惧谏言、不参与公共事务，这些骨子里挥之不去的集体气质加深了黄、白两个世界的隔膜。

马舒的理想是逐渐做到公司高管，而不是出国做超市店员。干了几年，马舒独立出来单干，顺风顺水的生意突然败于一场糊里糊涂的官司。2001年，马舒办理了赴加技术移民。

寻求安全感、为孩子谋求优质教育，是所有受访者移民的前两条理由。其中一名受访者是身家数亿的温州商人，与本报记者第一次见面的场合，竟然是在他中学同学的家中。尽管在中东经商多年，他身上仍未散去温商特有的熟人社会处事风格。

2009年，他开始将中东的生意转移至美国，通过投资一座中美贸易城，投资移民。他坦言越来越不喜欢每周有四天时间得在外应酬、打点各路官员、朋友，向往“公私分明的生活方式，把更多时间留给老婆和孩子”。

在他的圈子里，移民甚至成为身份量级的标识。他们将之称为“抄捷径”，即用过去20年里迅速积累的财富，支付转型期的中国所付的或忽略的代价：规范的法律、孩子的教育、高福利、低征税点、低遗产征税、健康的空气、安全的食品、免签多国护照的便利等。

他的同龄人中，许多人在上世纪七八十年代随父辈、亲友偷渡欧洲，有的为了入籍还加入法国外籍军团，“现在轮到我想出去了，”他说，“但已经跟他们那批移民不一样，我们有了更多选择。”

另一个低调得近乎隐秘的移民群体常人无法轻易接近。公开资料显示：加拿大的多伦多和魁北克是华人富豪移民的首选地。而在澳大利亚，华人富豪的首选地是悉尼与墨尔本。加拿大和澳大利亚已经明确将吸引华人富豪作为移民政策的重要考量依据。而对于这些新富阶层来说，财产的安全则是他们最大的需求。

新加坡在过去几年也成为国内富豪青睐的理想之地。2008年新加坡取消了遗产税，令该国对国内富豪的吸引力加大。与加拿大不同的是，新加坡对移民没有居住时间的限制，因此许多获得新加坡绿卡的中国富豪仍可以持续在国内经营企业，这点也对国内业务存续的企业家具有很大吸引力。许多国内富豪都在新加坡乌节路(属于商务中心)购买公寓房，或者是圣淘沙购买别墅，形成新的生活圈。

这一群体在技术移民印象中，封闭而光鲜，完全是两个世界的人，他们从不参与任何华人社团活动，全都住在当地高端社区，有的甚至把名字都改了。一位移民律师在接受采访时透露，他曾被中国某部门要求配合调查他的一名客户，据说此人出境后，被查涉嫌挪用上亿公款，这位律师拒绝了：“保护客户的隐私是律师的义务。”

为了子女的未来

"他们中的大多数需要褪去在国内“成功人士”的光环，回归普通到平淡的生活。但他们更多着眼于自己子女的未来。"

在技术移民的世界里，他们首先得适应谋生的艰辛与社会地位的落差。各国在制定技术移民政策时，都将本国急缺的人才类型作为优先考虑对象，如澳大利亚、加拿大青睐IT工程师和会计师。

但由于两国各大公司只认可本国及北美的工作履历，大多数来自中国的技术移民都无缘从事原先的职业。

刚到加拿大时，马舒的谋职底线是“先当个经理，也是可以的”。以他在国内的公司高管背景，“无论如何不算过分”。

当看到一位在国内做IT工程师的朋友，在加国找到的第一份工作竟然是餐馆服务生，三天后还因表现笨手笨脚被开除时，马舒“心都凉透了”。

三个多月后，他终于在一家电讯公司谋到销售国际长途电话的工作。这名快40岁的新手，每天都要和小年轻一起竞争业绩，每拉到一个顾客，奖励2加元，如果足够勤奋，一个月能拿到800加元（折合人民币5191.28元）。

没人知道他曾打理过资产上千万的公司，也没人在乎。每次面试时，面试官的态度礼貌而坚决，“虽然你在中国的工作履历很吸引人，但对不起，这不算数。”

受过高等教育，在国内有五年以上工作经验，教养良好，地位体面，收入可观，这是中国技术移民的共性。相比二十出头即赴美读MASTER、PHD，毕业后留美工作的留学型移民，他们移民时年龄已在30～40岁，选择余地与竞争力都较小。

马舒身边的移民同胞，有的曾是大学老师，有的曾任公司主管，有的是技术骨干，到加拿大后，他们成了卡车司机、超市货柜员、收银员；一名好友，在一家公司做技术，表现颇受认可，却十年未受提拔；另一名好友，在四十岁时，重返大学，现在正读大一。

和普通大众想象中不同，大量技术移民在国外的生活虽然平稳却远不如国内光鲜。在遥远的异国他乡，他们中的大多数需要褪去在国内“成功人士”的光环，回归普通到平淡的生活。但他们更多着眼于自己子女的未来，他们普遍希望下一代能够在异国延续自己在国内的成功。“牺牲我一个，幸福后来人。”一位已经移民加拿大近10年的技术移民如此总结。

也不是每个中国技术移民都想得开。2005年，让加拿大移民圈内轰动的两起事件，一是湖北省前理科状元读完博士后，只在一家工厂找到一份体力工，跳楼自杀；另一名中国博士在被公司辞退后，跳桥身亡。

马舒觉得，这都是让中国的教育给害的，“尊卑贵贱意识太深”，“生而平等的价值观已经渗透到西方人的骨子里”，在马舒印象中，在餐馆遇到对服务生大声呵斥的基本都是中国人，“加拿大人很诧异，为什么要这么做呢？”

尽管谋生艰难，尽管这两年澳、加开始收紧技术移民政策，申请移民的中国公民不减反增。美国移民局数据显示，2008年，中国大陆共有4万人加入美国籍，移居其他国家的移民总数也在4万左右；在新加坡，华人总数约占全国人口75%。

马舒至今保存着2001年初到加拿大的一份报纸，上面刊登着当时的加拿大总督（相当于中国公安部长），多用了15000加元（约10万人民币）装修办公室，被媒体曝光，道歉无果，只好引咎辞职。

虽然一度从事蓝领工作，马舒与朋友从未感到尊严因此受到损害，住房价格合理，多伦多居民曾一度抗议当地楼市被大量涌入的中国富人炒高；重新念大学的朋友，享受加国政府的教育补贴，每月2000加元足以支付学费及一家三口的生活费。“你现在能理解我不后悔移民的理由了吧？”他说。

中国绕不开？

"他希望在未来的某一天，自己仍然同时可以是一名中国人。"

在越来越多的技术移民家庭中，至少一名家庭成员保持中国国籍，以便给自己留条就业机会。这一现象很像上世纪80年代中期在香港掀起的移民高潮，人们把男主人保持香港籍的现象称为“太空家庭”，太太在国外照顾孩子，先生们继续在香港工作、做生意。

彼时的香港，一方面在许多人眼中政治前途不明，一方面随着经济的高速起飞，提供了大量的工作机会与利润空间，这些正是社会已平稳发展了几十年，各领域成熟完善的西方国家所缺乏的。

马舒重新开始操起老本行，做国际贸易，最初开始的生意还是与中国相关，即将国内的重型机械销往海外。

马舒承认，如果是想做生意，赚钱，中国是绕不开的天堂。

李兆，普美艺术品有限公司总经理，2008年移民加拿大，获取永久居留权后，仍然生活在北京。这位留学法国五年的28岁年轻人开车前总习惯性地将ARMANI西装脱下，挂在车后座，扣上安全带，才启动车子。

移民是他“长远布局的战略”，他坚信，与国际合作伙伴交往时，自己身上的欧洲气息与加国身份能拉近双方的距离与谈判的砝码。并且，这样的想法已得到越来越多致力于发展为跨国企业的商人的认同。

在他所知道的投资移民中，放弃中国国籍是件很匪夷所思的事情，“要么是全身而退出国养老，要么是嫁人，相夫教子去了”。绝大多数只是需要获取PR，两者之间只是政治权利上的差异，却能保证自己以中国公民的身份在国内畅通无阻地做生意。

“获取PR，是为了让自己更自由，”李兆说，“对于一个高度国际化的个人来说，这点至关重要。”相比中国护照的13个免签国家，加拿大、澳大利亚、美国、新加坡、香港特别行政区的免签数量分别为125、120、130、122和110。

凌霄君，2007年投资移民新加坡，夫人孩子都迁居狮城，自己在上海继续生意。“在新加坡，生意有15%的利润，已经很让人欢欣鼓舞了，可拿回中国呢？太一般了。”“这就是中国的好处，”移民对他来说，是给自己留条后路。

在这些投资移民的商业逻辑中，个人身份与对中国的认同问题已经剥离开来，祖国不仅仅只是有着高度文化认同与依赖的政治概念，更是一座奶牛牧场，他们喜欢喝牛奶，并不意味着乐意和奶牛过一辈子，而是把牛奶挤出来，带走，同时，奶牛场也受益。这样有什么不好？

孙多菲，美国留学生，绿卡持有者，2007年回国与姐姐开创第五大道奢侈品网购站，低于国内专营店的价格使生意很快红火起来。2008年，孙多菲干脆把哈佛毕业的丈夫王征也叫了回来。

在波士顿，王征是一家公司的建筑工程师，小老板也是个中国人，五十多岁才爬到合伙人的位置，他觉得自己再这么呆下去，“闭上眼睛就能想到自己四十岁，五十岁，六十岁的样子。”

回国后，在正处于急速上升期的建筑业中，王征很快成为一家两千人规模的公司的副总，年薪是波士顿的两倍。“回到中国，你会觉得整个人生都彪悍起来了，”孙多菲说，“那是30年走完人家100年的路的速度。”

对于已拿到美国等国家国籍的王征们而言，仍然实行单一国际制的中国国籍法越来越成为国际化生活的障碍。

国务院侨办专家咨询委员钱江告诉本报记者，中国不承认双重国籍，是在1950年代的万隆会议上由周恩来总理向东南亚各国承诺过的，以避免东南亚的华人华侨陷入双重政治效忠的尴尬和危险。近几年，多有商界、文化节、知识界高层人士通过与中央高层见面的渠道呼吁实施双重国籍，这一问题也数次被高层讨论，但很快否决，“在身份证问题、户籍问题、迁徙自由问题等一系列身份界限没有解决之前，承认双重国籍，仍会带来新的，甚至是更大的不公平”。

一位已移民澳大利亚的学者则认为，中国实施双重国籍，是国际趋势，目前全球一半以上国家承认或默认双重国籍，韩国、印度等在转型期一度流失大量精英人才的国家也已开始默认双重国籍，吸引精英回巢，站在全球化人才流动、合作的角度考虑，有什么困难不能克服？

纠结了两年之后，马舒终于决定加入加拿大国籍，经常在国际间飞行的他需要更实际的安全感，作为加国公民能享受到极其重视与完善的外事保护，另一方面，每次回中国，他又不得不到中国领事馆排队，作为一名外国人申请签证。

他希望在未来的某一天，自己仍然同时可以是一名中国人。
[来源]-

The digital world loves to revel in its own jargon, and one of its most popular phrases today is 'cloud computing.' You see the expression everywhere new uses for the Internet are discussed. But what do techies and companies mean when they refer to doing things in 'the cloud'? They aren't talking about meteorology, and all they see when they use the term -- which is always singular -- is sunshine, not rain.

To help you navigate through the talk about cloud computing, here's a very basic explainer. It doesn't cover every detail current among Internet experts. But I hope it gives regular folks a better understanding of the 'cloud' products and services being offered them.

At its most basic level, the 'cloud' is simply the Internet, or the vast array of servers around the world that comprise it. When people say a digital document is stored, or a digital task is being performed in the cloud, they mean that the file or application lives on a server you access over an Internet connection, via a Web browser or app, rather than on 'local' devices, like your computer or smartphone.

This isn't a new idea. For years, there have been services that would back up your files to a distant server over the Internet or keep your photos online. And Web-based email programs, like Yahoo Mail or Hotmail, are familiar examples of cloud-based applications. These programs live on servers, not your PC, and you access them through a Web browser.

What's changed is that, in recent years, large scale Internet-based storage has gotten cheaper, so it's possible for programmers to create more sophisticated remote software, and Internet connections have improved. Also, some users have expressed a desire to share and collaborate in easier and richer ways than emailing files. Cloud-based services let many users view, comment on, and edit the same material. All this has given a boost to cloud computing.

On top of that, computers are changing in ways that make cloud services more desirable. Your little netbook may lack the huge hard disk needed to hold all your music or photos, but there are ways to keep this material in the cloud and access it at will. A smartphone can't run all the sophisticated programs, or store all the files, that a PC can. But, if it's connected to cloud storage and cloud-based apps, it can do much more than its hardware specs suggest. And, with cloud file storage and apps, you could conceivably travel without any computer. A borrowed PC, tablet or smartphone might be all you need to log in and work.

So, in recent years, a flood of cloud-based products and services have appeared to store and share files; to keep data on all your devices synchronized; and to perform tasks, like editing photos, or creating and editing large files.

For instance, I wrote parts of this column in a private test edition of a cloud-based version of Microsoft Word that the company will release soon. In fact, Microsoft will be making its entire Office suite available free in the cloud. Google and others already have such cloud-based productivity suites. Another example: Many of the 200,000 apps for Apple's iPhone are merely small programs that tap data or services stored in the cloud to provide everything from restaurant choices to driving directions.

There are other good examples. At Picnik.com, you'll find an elegant, versatile cloud-based photo editor that can work on pictures from a wide variety of Web-based photo sites as well as those on your own hard disk. At Zoho.com, you'll find a cornucopia of cloud-based apps that interact with both the Web and your local hard disk. You can track your finances using a cloud-based program called Mint, which is available from a PC browser, or from an iPhone or Android-based phone.

Of course, clever readers will have noticed that this trend toward cloud computing has an obvious flaw. If you aren't connected to the Internet -- or are saddled with a poor connection -- you could be left high and dry when you want access to an important file stored remotely, or need to use a cloud-based program. Google, which is building an entire cloud-based operating system, and other companies have come up with ways to store some remote material on your local device. But these solutions aren't yet comprehensive, so wise users will make sure that the tools and files they need most are still available on their devices.

Some products get around this by offering hybrid cloud and local services. One of my favorites in this category is SugarSync, which backs up key folders you select to the Web and synchronizes them to the hard disks on your PCs or Macs, so you always have the freshest copies handy, whether you have a connection or not. Another problem is privacy. Many of these cloud services have good security, but prying hackers are relentless, so consumers should be careful about what they store in the cloud. You may not care if a photo is swiped, but your Social Security number is a different matter.

Cloud computing is here, and growing, and quite useful. It will only get better and better.
[来源]-

成功英语演讲的秘诀：开场白、结束语

应对问题
-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.
-Please can you save your questions till the end.

-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.
-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.
-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.
-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.
-Please stop me if you have any questions.
-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.
-Can I come back to that point later?
-I will be coming to that point in a minute.
-That's a tricky question.
-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...
-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...
-Yes, that's a very good point.
-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation
-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.
-I think we have time for just one more question

欢迎听众(正式)
- Welcome to our company
- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...
- I'd like to thank you for coming.

- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming

欢迎听众(非正式 )
- I'm glad you could all get here...
- I'm glad to see so many people here.
- It's GREat to be back here.
- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
- Welcome to X Part II.

受邀请在会议上致词
- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...
- I am grateful for the opportunity to present...
- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...
- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman
- It's my pleasant duty today to...
- I've been asked to...

告知演讲的话题
- the subject of my presentation is...
- I shall be speaking today about...
- My presentation concerns...
- Today's topic is...
- Today we are here to give a presentation on...
- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...
- A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)
- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...
- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...
- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...
- Take a moment and think of...
- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...

告诉听众发言的长度
- During the next ten minutes, I shall...
- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...

- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...
- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...
- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...
- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief
- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...

引起听众的兴趣
- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.
- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...
- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...
- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...
- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...
- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...
- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...

告诉听众内容要点
- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)
- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)
- I've divided my talk into five parts...
- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...
- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).
- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).
- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...
- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.
- We all ought to be aware of the following points.

结束语
-In conclusion, I'd like to...
-I'd like to finish by...
-Finally...
-By way of conclusion...

-I hope I have made myself understood
-I hope you have found this useful
-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...
-Let me end by saying...
-That, then was all I had to say on...
-That concludes our presentation...
-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...
-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...
-Thank you for your attention...
-Let's break for a coffee at this point
-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here
-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you

转自http://www.cc2z.cn/abc/html/kouyujicui/20070821/4.html



转帖二

做presentation，我们要注意对话题的准备以及态度和身体语言等等，除此之外，我们还应该掌握一些常用句型。

1. Right, let's get started.

2. Let me introduce myself.

3. I've divided my presentation into three main parts.

4. Just to give you a brief overview.

5. I'll be saying more about this in a minute.

6. I'm sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.

7. There's an important point to be made here.

8. OK, let's move on. (go on to make your next point)

9. As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.

10. To go back to what I was saying earlier.

11. Are there any questions you'd like to ask at this point?

12. I'd like to look at this in more detail.

13. Let's put this into perspective. (to explain it this way)

14. Perhaps I should expand on that a little.

15. To digress for a moment? (to depart from your plan)

16. So, to sum up?

17. That brings me to the end of my talk.

18. Thank you. I'm sure you all have lots of questions.



转帖三

1.Greeting, name, position
Ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.
Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I started out in….
Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It’s a pleasure to be with you today.

2.Ttile/Subject
I’d like to talk(to you) about….
I’m going to present the recent…
explain our position on…
brief you on….
inform you about…
describe…

The subject/focus/topic of my presentation….



We are here today to decide…
agree…
learn about….

The purpose of this talk is to update you on
put you in the picture about…
give you the background to…

3.Length
I shall only take …minutes of your time.
I plan to be brief.
This should only last …minutes.

4.Outline/Main parts
I’ve divided my presentation into four parts/sections. They are….
The subject can be looked at under the following headings:….
We can break this area down into the following fields:
First/First of all…
Secondly/then/next…
Thirdly/and then we come to…
Finally/lastly/last of all….

5.Questions
I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.
If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.
Please interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the end



转帖四

I. Opening Remarks开场： Sample Opening Remarks

1) Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.

2) Ladies and gentleman. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

3) Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.

4) Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Is my voice loud enough?

5) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…

6) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car?

Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致谢

Mr. Chairman, thank you for your introduction.

First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction.

Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.

I would like to thank Dr. Huang （主持人或推荐你来发言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.

Forms of Address and Greetings对听众的称呼

Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!

Members of the conference!

Expressing Pleasure and Honor 向听众致意

I am very happy/glad/pleased to be here in Hong Kong.

I am honored/privileged to be here (with you this afternoon).

I am proud to be here on this special occasion.

It’s a very great pleasure for me to be able to attend this conference.

I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium/ at this conference..

It is a great pleasure to be given the honor of first speaker on this important topic.

Others 细节，如确认话筒音量

Can you hear me all right?

Is my voice too loud?

Reference to the Audience 与听众呼应

I can see many of you are from …department.

I know many of you are familiar with this topic.

You all look as though you’ve heard this before.

I understand that you’ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired. Now I’d like you to see an interesting topic…

II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题 Background Information

I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.

Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.

To begin with, we have to consider the principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.

I should like to preface my remarks with a de script ion of the basic idea.

May I begin with a general outline of this project?

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.

The first point I'd like to make is the historical background of the invention.

First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.

Topic

I would like to concentrate on theproblem Of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.

I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.

I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.

Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.

My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.

In today's talk, I' 11 restrict myself to the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.

In my presentation this morning, I' 11 limit myself to three major points only.

I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.

Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem.

Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC.

What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis.

I'm not going to say much about that except to discuss the literature on that topic.

Outlining

My talk today consists of two parts. One is... and the other is...

I've divided my presentation into four parts.

I shall first talk about ... and then touch on... and finally discuss ...

The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ... (Pointing to the PowerPoint display)

I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...

My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses…

Purpose/Objective

The purpose of this presentation is to...

This talk is designed to…

Comprehensive Samples

Sample 1

Thank you, Mr. Chairperson, Mr. Director-General, distinguished members of the ILO's Governing Body and friends. I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers. I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as one's own so unambiguously.

I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO. Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.

The canvas of the Symposium is very large. I will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve. First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.

Sample 2

I learned last May that you have to be careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators. After I conducted a writer' s workshop at the Toronto Conference of the International Association of Business Communicators, Janine Lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight and used the communication techniques I had recommended. She even included a footnote citing my lecture. I am susceptible to good communication and to flattery so I am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening, the use of language in the art of speech writing.

I suppose we must begin by shaking our heads, woefully, over the sad state of language today, whether in formal speeches, casual conversation, or in writing. Most of us in this room no doubt agree with the generally negative tone of Time Magazine's year-end assessment which claims “our language has been besieged by vulgarities”. But to preserve our sanity as professionals in communication of us would probably join Time in optimistically expecting English somehow to survive and even to prosper.

Expressions on Other Occasions

Correcting the Title of the Presentation

First of all, I would like to mention that the title of my presentation should be ...

Please allow me to correct a mistake in the title of my speech which appeared in the program. Instead of... it should read...

Reading. Another Person's Paper

Sometimes you are selected to read another person's paper, as he or she is absent.

I shall read a paper by Dr. Li from Guangzhou, china, who regrets that he could not be here. The title of his paper is...

I'm going to read the paper by Dr. Wang. It's a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.

I was asked by the author to read his paper. He apologizes for not being able to come here.

The next speaker, Prof. Zhang, regrets that she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me. I am not sure if I can present it as well as she expected.

I am not sure whether I' 11 be able to be very confident in answering specific questions. However, I am somewhat familiar with his work, so I' 11 try my best.

Checking the Microphone

First I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.

Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room?

I wonder if those in the rear of the room can hear me.

If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand?

Can you hear me clearly?

Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone?

Is the microphone working?

* Summary-How to Prepare a Good Introduction

Realize file great importance of the introduction of file presentation mad then do your best in delivering it.

Don' t make file introduction either too wordy, or too brief. Usually, it covers 10 to 15 percent of your entire speech.

Select tile ways to capture the audience attention.

Indicate tile topic.

Outline your Speech.

Announce your purpose.

Prepare several versions of tile introduction, compare them, and then select the best version. Finally, learn it by heart so as to be able to deliver it easily mid fluently.

Don't start your speech with apologies.

Pay attention to your body language.

Chapter II Developing the Speech Text I. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text

To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’11 use in my presentation.

II. Shifting to the Next Main Point

Well, let's move on to the next point.

We will now come to the second problem.

Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.

As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.

So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.

Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.

That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.

Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.

The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.

That brings me to my second point.

I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.

III. Resuming the Topic

Let' s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.

Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that...

I want to return to the first part of my presentation.

Now, to get back to the effect of temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.

This brings me back to the question of security.

At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.

Referring again to the first question, I think...

Referring to the Coming Point

I'll deal with it later.

I' 11 touch upon that point in a moment.

I shall tell you in detail shortly.

IV. Introducing the Supporting Materials

I think this part is the most difficult, so I'll explain it in greater detail.

I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.

Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.

Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides.

I' 11 expand this topic with drawings and figures.

Indicating the Points Briefly

Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.

I don't think that I should describe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.

I will not go into detail on it.

This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.

Let's go through the following points very rapidly.

I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.

I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So I'’11 be brief.

It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls.

V. Repairing a Slip of Tone

The first of such experiments began in 2000, rather than 1999.

May I have the lights, I mean the slides.

The temperature increased, I shall say decreased.

The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.

The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9.

As you can see from the first row, excuse me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.

VI. Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids

Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please.

Lights off, first slide, please.

Dim the lights, and first slide, please.

The slide is not so clear. Please darken the room a little more.

Could you please turn on the lights, please?

Now, we can have the lights on.

Please switch on the lights.

Lights on, please.

I apologize that this slide is not so clear, but I hope you can still make out the general idea.

Sorry for the small print.

I'm sorry we left a figure out here.

VI. Explaining the Contents on the Slides

This slide demonstrates ...

On this slide, you can see...

This curve in this slide shows...

This figure in this slide exhibits...

This table on this slide presents...

This diagram on this slide depicts...

This chart on this slide displaces ...

The picture on this slide shows ...

The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...

The flow-chart on this slide points out...

The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~

Indicating the Sources of the Content in a

This figure is taken from.., by Dr. Li.

This diagram is after that of Prof. Wang with some modification

VII. Demanding to Show the Next Slide

May I proceed to the next slide, please?

I think we can move on to the next slide.

Let me show you the next slide.

Now, we can go on to the next slide. '

Next slide, please.

Next, please.

Next !

+ Quant (1) 数量



+ for here/to go (to go) 店里喝还是带走



+ hot/ice (hot) 冷饮/热饮



+ decaf/caf (caf) 含不含咖啡因



+ shots (according to the drink and size) ESPRESSO的剂量



+ cup size (mainly 4 sizes: short, tall, grande, venti) 杯子大小



+ syrup (now non-fat syrups are now available!) 味道(香草,柠檬,巧克力...)



+ milk (2%) (1%, soy milk, skim milk) 牛奶



+ custom (none) (Xhot, Xice, -Foam, ...) 个人要求



+ drink Name (e.g. Mocha, Latte, Cappcino, Macchiato, Americano, Misto, Tazo )咖啡名称



call name. e.g.举例:



hi, i want a decaf triple shots grande peppermint soy milk caramel skinny espresso Macchiato



怎么样, 很有意思吧. 星八克就是用这样的咖啡文化来吸引一个有一个的回头顾客的. 比如,他的SIZE就不用LARGE, SMALL.他选择意大利语的词. 星八克讲究喝咖啡要要喝的PROFESSIONAL.



另外的一个特色就是,每个顾客都可以点他/她自己的咖啡.想要都个性就有多个性.通过上面的名字,你可以点世界上只有你会喝的咖啡. 这个叫customization. 这也是个趋势.星八克的每个barista都可以向你保证,只要你说的出来,我门就能做的出来.如果你去其他的咖啡点,你能点你要想的温度吗?星八克可以做任何温度的咖啡.只要你说到,我们就会给你做出来.





有一次,一个顾客点了一杯:

extra shot Grande peppermint 1% 120 degree no whipped cream caramel macchiato

我几次焦糖没撒漂亮,那位小姐说:"well, it's not what i expect... but it's ok i'll take it." 我说:"oh i am sorry miss, i will definitely make it again" 我把刚做好的那杯倒掉. 再做了一边. 她尝了还是觉得不够好.于是我又做了2边. 最后,她终于开心的接受我做的第5杯.

caramel_mach[1].jpgcaramel macchiato

当然,这是个极端的例子,因为我们的点一直都有很多人.但是这个例子正说明了星八克的文化:我们做世界上最好的咖啡.因为这件事,我没被批评,还被店长表扬了.



我接受训练的那些日子,每天要喝几十杯咖啡.自己做了喝,再和老师做的.对比后,倒掉,重新做.虽然是浪费.但是就是这样的训练才让每位BARISTA都优秀.



我自己最喜欢喝的是:

hot --> grande soy milk chai tea latte plus two espresso shots

cold --> iced grande easy ice half passion half green tea lemonade



再贴个我自己学习总结的recipe...



Hot drink

Latte (L) Breve (half milk, half crème)

s/milk + syrup + espresso + foam (a little on top)



Cappuccino (C)

Syrup (2345) + Espresso (1122) + S/Milk 50% + Foam (50)



Mocha (M)

s/milk + Mocha sauce (2345) + espresso + w/cream



White Chocolate Mocha (WM)



Americano (A) Misto (half milk half water)

Espresso (1234) + hot water + lid



Caramel Macchiato (CM)

Syrup Vanilla (1234) + Steamed milk + foam + espresso (1122) + caramel net top



Tazo Chai Tea Latte (CH)

Chai (2345) + hot water + s/milk + foam



Espresso Macchiato (EM)

Espresso (1122) + foam



Hot Chocolate (HC)

Mocha sauce (2345) + syrup vanilla (1112) + s/milk + w/crème



Steamed Apple Juice (SAJ)

Caramel Apple Juice (CAS)

Vanilla Crème

Vanilla + s/milk + w/crème



Iced coffee drink

Iced coffee Latte (L)

Syrup (346) + milk + E (123) + ice

Iced coffee Mocha (M)

Mocha sauce + E + milk + ice + W/crème

Iced Americano (A)

Water + E + ice

Iced Caramel Macchiato (CM)

Syrup + milk + ice + espresso +caramel top

Iced Chai Tea Latte (CH)

Chai (346) + milk + ice



Iced Tea

　　passion tea

　　balck tea

　　green tea



Blended Beverage

Coffee Frappucino (CF)

Coffee Vanilla (CVF)

Caramel (CRF)

Espresso (EF)

ｊａｖａ Chip (JCF)

Mocha (MF)

Light (…+L)

Frappucino Crème

Strawberries & crème (STCF)

Vanilla Bean (VBF)

Tazo Chai Crème (CHCF)

Green Tea (GTF)

Light (…+L)

Tazo Shaken Iced Tea

Iced Black Tea (BT)

Iced passion Tea (PT)

Iced Green Tea (GT)

… Tea Lemonade (…TL)



Cup Marking Key

Decaf (default: caffeinated)

X

1/2

Shots

1,2,3,4 (except default shots)

Cup

Short

Tall

Grande

Venti

Syrups (2345) (default: none)

A: almond

CL: Caramel

V: Vanilla

P: peppermint

R: Raspberry

TN: Toffee nut

Milk (default: 2%)

B: Breve (half crème + half milk)

N: nonfat

O: organic

WC: whipped crème

%: 1%

Custom

CR: Caramel

(X)D: Dry (more foam)

F: Foamy

XH: extra hot

K: kid

Lt: light

PT: passion tea

W: wet

X: extra

Drink

E: Espresso (1122)

A: Americano (1234)

C: Cappuccino

L: Latte

M: Mocha

SM: steamed milk

BC: Brewed coffee

GT: Green tea

T: Tazo tea
[来源]-

全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC)

　　主席团 Presidium

　　常务委员会 Standing Committee

　　办公厅　General Office

　　秘书处　Secretariat

　　代表资格审查委员会　Credentials Committee

　　提案审查委员会　Motions Examination Committee

　　民族委员会　Ethnic Affairs Committee

　　法律委员会　Law Committee

　　财政经济委员会　Finance and Economy Committee

　　外事委员会　Foreign Affairs Committee

　　教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会　Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee

　　内务司法委员会　Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs

　　华侨委员会　Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee

　　法制工作委员会　Commission of Legislative Affairs

　　特定问题调查委员会　Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions

　　宪法修改委员会　Committee for Revision of the Constitution

2、中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China

3、中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission

4、最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court

5、最高人民检察院 Supreme People's Procuratorate

6、国务院　State Council

　　(1)国务院部委　Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council

　　外交部　Ministry of Foreign Affairs

　　国防部　Ministry of National Defence

　　国家发展和改革委员会　National Development and Reform Commission

　　国家经济贸易委员会　State Economic and Trade Commission

　　教育部　Ministry of Education

　　科学技术部　Ministry of Science and Technology

　　国防科学技术工业委员会　Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence

　　国家民族事物委员会　State Ethnic Affairs Commission

　　公安部　Ministry of Public Security

　　国家安全部　Ministry of State Security

　　监察部　Ministry of Supervision

　　民政部　Ministry of Civil Affairs

　　司法部　Ministry of Justice

　　财政部　Ministry of Finance

　　人事部　Ministry of Personnel

　　劳动和社会保障部　Ministry of Labour and Social Security

　　国土资源部　Ministry of Land and Resources

　　建设部　Ministry of Construction

　　铁道部　Ministry of Railways

　　交通部　Ministry of Communications

　　信息产业部　Ministry of Information Industry

　　水利部　Ministry of Water Resources

　　农业部　Ministry of Agriculture

　　对外贸易经济合作部　Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

　　文化部　Ministry of Culture

　　卫生部　Ministry of Public Health

　　国家计划生育委员会　State Family Planning Commission

　　中国人民银行　People's Bank of China

　　国家审计署　State Auditing Administration

(2)国务院办事机构　Offices under the State Council

　　国务院办公厅　General Office of the State Council

　　侨务办公室　Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs

　　港澳台办公室　Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office

　　台湾事物办公室　Taiwan Affairs Office

　　法制办公室　Office of Legislative Affairs

　　经济体制改革办公室　Office for Economic Restructuring

　　国务院研究室　Research Office of the State Council

　　新闻办公室　Information Office



10、新闻出版 News media

总编辑 Editor-in-chief
高级编辑 Full Senior Editor
主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor
编辑 Editor
助理编辑 Assistant Editor
高级记者 Full Senior Reporter
主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter
记者 Reporter
助理记者 Assistant Reporter
编审 Professor of Editorship
编辑 Editor
助理编辑 Assistant Editor
技术编辑 Technical Editor
技术设计员 Technical Designer
校对 Proofreader

11、翻译 Translation

译审 Professor of Translation
翻译 Translator/Interpreter
助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter
电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller
播音指导 Director of Announcing
主任播音员 Chief Announcer
播音员 Announcer
电视主持人 TV Presenter
电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey

12、工艺、美术、电影 Arts,crafts and movies

导演 Director
演员 Actor
画师 Painter
指挥 Conductor
编导 Scenarist
录音师 Sound Engineer
舞蹈编剧 Choreographer
美术师 Artist
制片人 Producer
剪辑导演 Montage Director
配音演员 Dabber
摄影师 Cameraman
化装师 Make-up Artist
舞台监督 Stage Manager

The leaders of Britain's three main parties drilled home their central economic messages and attacked their opponents in a tense final televised debate on Thursday, a week before the May 6 general election.

With the election a tight three-horse race, U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown said 'economies in Europe are in peril and there is a risk of dragging us back into recession.'

Mr. Brown repeatedly attacked the opposition Conservative Party's plan to start reducing spending this year and said the Conservatives' promise to raise the inheritance tax threshold while cutting child tax credits was 'unfair and immoral.'

'Support the economy now and you will ensure that there are jobs and there is recovery,' he said.

Conservative leader David Cameron said the British economy is 'stuck in a rut and we need change to get it moving.'

He said the U.K. government must start finding public sector savings straight after the election to avoid a payrolls tax Mr. Brown's government plans to impose in April 2011.

Mr. Cameron repeatedly criticized Mr. Brown's economic record saying 'this prime minister and this government have left our economy in...a complete mess.'

He attacked Mr. Brown for getting his facts wrong and said the prime minister's characterization of Conservative policies aims to 'frighten people.'

'What you're hearing is very desperate stuff from someone who's in a very desperate state,' Mr. Cameron said.

Liberal Democrats Nick Clegg said his party was the honest broker, detailing the kind of spending cuts that are needed to repair the public finances.

'We need to be frank about the cuts that will be needed so we can protect things like schools and hospitals,' he said.

He reiterated his party's promise to stop taxing the first GBP10,000 of people's income and promised to 'break up our banking system so that irresponsible bankers can never again put your savings and your businesses at risk.'

With the U.K. economy emerging from the deepest recession in decades in the final three months of 2009, the election debate has been dominated by how the parties would secure the recovery while paring down the U.K.'s huge budget deficit.

All three parties have been criticized by independent think tanks for not offering more detail of how they would pare down the deficit, with the respected Institute for Fiscal Studies warning this week they will need to find as much as £60 billion in spending cuts over the next five years.

Mr. Brown also used the early stages of the debate to try and puncture the focus on a major campaign gaffe on Wednesday, when he was caught on a live microphone calling 65-year-old voter Gillian Duffy a 'bigoted woman' after she confronted him on government policies.

'There's a lot to this job and as you saw yesterday I don't get all of it right,' he said. 'But I do know how to run the economy in the good times and bad.'

The leaders' debates, a historic first in Britain, have transformed the race, propelling the smaller opposition Liberal Democrats into a major player and therefore making more likely a hung parliament, where no party has a majority.

A YouGov poll released late Thursday, showed the Conservatives with 34%, the Liberal Democrats at 28% and Labour at 27%.

While not out the race, Labour is facing what could be its worst electoral showing in decades, at least as measured by the nationwide popular vote.

Conservative leader Mr. Cameron is banking on a strong performance to help widen the party's poll lead and enable it to win a majority on May 6.

Asked about the evening's debate at a children's hospital in Birmingham, Mr. Cameron said 'Of course it makes you nervous. There's a lot riding on it.'

Laurence Norman / Joe Parkinson
[来源]-

While Beijing's auto show features hybrids and electric cars and dozens of other models aimed at China's mass market, luxury car makers from around the world have also wheeled out their latest offerings at the 200,000-square-meter exhibition area.

The gull-winged Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG making its Chinese debut and the Lamborghini LP 670-4, a limited edition solely for the Chinese market, stole some of the limelight from the almost 1,000 car models on display. Mercedes-owner Daimler AG, meanwhile, gave a world premiere to its Maybach sedan that features an optional 19-inch cinema screen and seat piping that comes hand-braided or laced with Swarovski crystals.

China's auto market became the world's biggest last year in terms of the number of vehicles sold, as sales jumped by almost half to nearly 13.6 million vehicles. In the first three months of 2010, auto sales were up another 80% year-on-year, J.D. Power data show.

The country's emerging class of super-rich also upped their automobile spending, with several global luxury brands reporting sharp increases in sales in China.

BMW AG saw China sales double in the first quarter of 2010, and the company plans to boost its dealership network by 20 to 170 this year. German rival Audi, owned by Volkswagen, is the market leader in China and says it expects its sales there will outpace those in its domestic market within the next three years.

The international brands won't have it all their own way, however. Domestic auto maker Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. has its own Emgrand GE luxury auto aimed at China's wealthy elite.

Among the most expensive cars showing at Beijing's new China International Exhibition Center is the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport, priced at more than $2 million, which its makers claim is 'on a par with modern Formula 1 race cars.'

Rolls Royce, Porsche, Ferrari, Bentley and Maserati all also paraded their vehicles at the event, which opened Friday and continues to May 2.
[来源]-

outline, brief

several members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body to the government,

Young people calling themselves the 'ant tribe' and living in Beijing's outskirts have prompted a national discussion about the tough job market for college graduates in China.

The term 'ants' -- referring to the graduates' industriousness as well as their crowded, modest living conditions -- was coined in a book by Lian Si, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, who in a 2007-09 survey of 600 Beijing-area college graduates found their average monthly income was the equivalent of $300.

The book touched a nerve, inspiring both admiration for the young people's striving and indignation at their living conditions. Earlier this year, several members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body to the government, said they were moved to tears on a visit to the village of Tangjialing when they heard two young men who shared a 50-square-foot room sing a song they composed about their lives.

The issue of underemployment -- the product of dramatic increases in university enrollment over the past decade -- is expected to come to the fore soon when the class of 2010, which Beijing estimates at 6.3 million, hits the job market.

Prof. Lian estimates that more than 100,000 college graduates live in 'settlement villages' on the periphery of Beijing. Their life 'is pretty tough,' he says.

Zhao Lei, a 24-year-old computer-science major who graduated in 2008 from Beijing Jiaotong University, shares a 130-square-foot room with five other people in the village of Xiaoyuehe. They share three bunk beds and two desks. Their belongings are stored in suitcases. 'We have no alternatives,' Mr. Zhao says. 'This is a place we can afford . . . when we first step into society.'
Stories about the ants prompted Huang Rixin, a 78-year-old retired engineer, to build what he calls 'capsule apartments.' Inspired by similar concepts in Japan, Mr. Huang rented three rooms in west Beijing and turned them into eight capsules measuring about eight feet by 28 inches -- narrower than a twin-size mattress. With a wire-mesh ceiling for ventilation, the capsules are a far cry from their Japanese counterparts.

Mr. Huang, who set a rent of 250 yuan (about $37) a month for each, initially had problems finding tenants. But after some media coverage, all the capsules have been rented, most to recent graduates. 'It's just for temporary living. As soon as these young people can have a higher salary and a better life, they will definitely leave,' Mr. Huang said.

Zhang Qi, a 26-year-old college graduate from Shanxi province, was the first to move in, on April 3. Ms. Zhang, who works at an advertising company, earns around 4,000 yuan a month, but she wants to save money for her family. Her father died two years ago, leaving behind her mother, who has no job, and her younger sister, who is still in college. The building has no bathroom, so Ms. Zhang has to go to a public toilet a short walk away. 'I try to drink as little water as possible during the night,' she said.

Government statistics show 87% of college graduates found work last year. But many graduates doubt those figures, and say the available jobs often barely pay a living wage.

Premier Wen Jiabao said in March that China plans to spend more than $6 billion this year to stimulate employment.

The composers of the 'Song of the Ants' are among the first to be uprooted. Li Liguo and Bai Wanlong shared a tiny room in Tangjialing, paying 160 yuan a month. When their building was targeted for demolition they moved to a larger room, with a private toilet and significantly higher rent: 400 yuan a month.
'Finally, we can see sunshine from our room,' said Mr. Bai. The aspiring musicians, who in some months make little more than 1,000 yuan from performing in the street, sing at a bus stop most days, he says, to 'inspire the college graduates living here, like us.'

The 'Song of the Ants' is a favorite. Its refrain: 'Though we have nothing, we are tough in spirit; though we have nothing, we are still dreaming; though we have nothing, we still have power.'

Sue Feng / Ian Johnson
[来源]-